A spectrum of neuropsychiatric disorders
characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication, and
unusual and repetitive behavior. Some, but not all, people with autism are
non-verbal.
Autism is normally diagnosed before age six and may be diagnosed in
infancy in some cases. The degree of autism varies from mild to severe in
different children. Severely afflicted patients can appear profoundly
cognitively impaired.
The causes of autism are not yet fully understood. However, it is believed
that at least some cases involve an inherited or acquired genetic defect.
Researchers have proposed that the immune system, metabolic, and
environmental factors may play an important part as well. It is not caused
by emotional trauma, as was once theorized.
Autism or autistic-like behavior may occur with many other neurological
conditions.
The optimal treatment of autism involves an educational
program that is suited to the child's developmental level.